Working With Couples And Families - 2145 Words

BC7333 Working with Couples and Families a Systemic Approach Assessment Three Submitted by: Prince Jose Sebastian CASE STUDY Professional couple, Chris: 33 6th generation New Zealander and Diana; 36, immigrated from United Kingdom 5 years ago. Presenting issue: 17 months of ongoing arguing resulting in decreasing confidence for both regards the relationship.Counselling was initiated by Chris after a particularly bad weekend of conflict. This couple are stuck in a vicious, escalating cycle focused around her wish to discuss the future of the relationship e.g marriage and babies. Diana wants reassurance from him that he has the same future view as her. He gives partial reassurance, on condition that there is a future if the arguing stops. Then she feels more insecure and vulnerable so she seeks further reassurance. At this point, he feels frustrated and annoyed and distances from her both physically and emotionally for 3-7 days. She then feels more anxious, insecure and hurt. She experiences doubts the relationship. This cycle of conflict has continued and become more intense over the last 17 months. The physical aspect of their relationship has considerably reduced over this time. Couples wishes: To lessen arguing and discover if this relationship will work? DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES Diana and Chris are in the family life cycle stage – The joining of family through marriage (Carter and MCGoldrick, 1999). Diana and Chris were unsuccessful in developing second-order familyShow MoreRelatedI Am Working As A Family Health Nurse And Counseling A Married Couple Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesWhen caring for families who need genetic counseling, it’s essential that the nurse understands and considers the family’s values, background, beliefs and behaviors. This information is valuable when setting mutual goals, developing care plans and choosing interventions (Andrews and Boyle, 2016). In this post I will imagine that I am working as a family health nurse and counseling a married couple who are seeking my advice because they are both carriers for Huntington’s disease. As a nurse it’sRead MoreEssay on Productivity of the Dual Earner Family814 Words   |  4 PagesProductivity of the Dual Earner Family As we enter the 21st century with all its challenges and opportunities, the idea of the traditional family has changed. Now, the dual-earner family, with husband and wife each maintaining separate careers and contributing to the financial success of the household, has become commonplace. The economic commitments and expectations of todays world often require two incomes to meet the overall expenses of the family. The biggest questions are often, HowRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : An Dominant Mode For The Family Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most profound influences of the family and the workplace. â€Å"The changes occurred when machines and factories, rather than human labor, became the dominant mode for the production of goods .† At one time the family unit worked together in or around the home to provide for the family, but after the Revolution there was a need for both the men and women to leave the home in order to provide for the family. The Industrial Revolution influenced the roles of the family dynamics and consequently forcedRead MoreMarriage Is The World A Wrong Point Of View About The Love901 Words   |  4 Pageslots of money. Money is also important for living after marriage; it is essential to buy the needs for the humans. Any family needs money to be ready to give this family what it needs for living and buy the essential and non essential things to live. For example, money is what buys the food, pay the bills, and buy clothes. If any married couples decided to have children, these couples should have money to spend it on the children’s needs. Further; children needs money to eat, to go to the doctors, toRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Allowed?1620 Words   |  7 Pagesheterosexual couples? Why restrict these citizens from their rights just because of their love for another? Should we deny foreign customs to foreigners just because they aren’t customs we perform? The United States is a land of the free, not the restricted. We are not robots set to one program, and one program alone. Every human being is an individual, and they all do things their own way. If you were in their position, you would want the same thing. You would want to be happy. Homosexual couples have rightsRead MoreHuman Re sources - Dual Career Couples Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Dual-Career Couples: Human Resource Management and Development HR Policy for Dual-Career Couples The changing demographics of our workforce have demanded that we address our HR policy regarding to families, and in particular dual income or dual-career couples. This policy will assist families that find themselves overwhelmed with work, parenting, adult education, and ultimately increasing productivity for the company. Careful consideration will be given to couples both employed atRead MoreGetting to Know the Machà ³n Family882 Words   |  3 PagesThe Machà ³n family is made up of a man and a wife, Ivonne and Marvin Machà ³n; some might classify them as a companionate family. The couple lives in El Monte, CA and has been married for 3 years. When it comes to social class they are considered to be apart of the working class. A family is described in textbook terms as a bond by emotional, biological, economic attachments. But when the couple was asked to describe what they believe to be a family they responded by saying, â€Å"If I feel an emotionalRead More Childless Couples on Television Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesChildless Couples on Television Throughout the evolution of television, there have always been TV shows of childless television couples, such as The Honeymooners or King of Queens. As television has changed throughout the decades, so have television’s childless couples. In the beginning of television series with childless couples, the wife was the one that stayed at home, cleaned, cooked, and did the laundry. The husband was the one that made the money by going to work. Television seriesRead MoreBowen Family Systems Theory1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe couple I chose for this case study is the older, married couple, Albert and Marion Mazur. I chose this couple while watching the documentary, â€Å"Love, Etc.† In this documentary, five couples were followed and featured, among those, Albert and Marion were the couple that displayed complete unity. Married for over fifty years, these two individuals define Dr. Murray Bowen’s family systems theory. Basically, the theory focuses on whatever occurs in an individual’s life affects his or her family. InRead MoreThe Right For Same Sex Couples Should Be Protected Under The Constitution1041 Words   |  5 Pages In 2014, the right for same-sex couples to marry became protected under t he Constitution, which marked the achievement of the Gay Rights Movement most important goal (Berman, 2014). Still, due to the bigoted qualities of our ruling class, and it’s intensifying defense of conservative social and religious institutions, there continues to be a heated debate about whether or not marriage should include the union of same-sex couples and if the rights of gay couples should be protected under the Constitution

Racial Inequality Remains Visible Within Our Society Essay

Racial inequality remains visible within our society. Although slavery and segregation laws are obsolete, that does not mean racism exists subtly. Throughout the course readings one thing is for sure: the slave trade is the primary cause for racial inequality from 1500 to the present. Slavery is a product of violence and those who are sold into it, are pronounced as property. Moreover, throughout the 15th to mid-18th centuries, slavery caused people to despise those who looked different from them, based on skin color. Furthermore, slavery has caused numerous gaps among the privileged white community and minorities who have a history of slavery. This includes: financial stability, quality of education, housing areas, and criminal justice laws. Thus, creating a divided society based on skin color, with effects that continue to be a small part of our contemporary world. Colonization created the system of slave trade, in order to help build the economic foundations of established colonies. However, doing so leaves the victims of this trade with a legacy of limited potential. For instance, past colonization has influenced disproportionate distributions of income in South Africa; the lowest on the continent. â€Å"Colonialism has left South Africa with a legacy of migrant labor, particularly among workers in the gold and diamond mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a result, it guarantees that the majority of the black African population is stricken with poverty in contrast with the history of wealth andShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination in Canadas Workplace1620 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination in the workplace has been a persistent theme in Canada’s history as well as present-day times. The occurrence of actions and attitudes that impose a sense of one being less equal than another on the basis of one’s race in Canada’s workplac e inhibits both our nation’s ability to move forward as well as strengthen unification within our country. The belief in a more egalitarian society, where one’s race and ethnic background have little to no impact on employees (or potentialRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On Society Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough slavery and segregation laws are obsolete, racial inequality remains visible within our society. Throughout the course readings, one thing is for sure: the slave trade is the primary cause of racial inequality from 1500 to the present. Those sold into slavery become the property and a product of violence. Moreover, throughout the 15th to mid-18th centuries, slavery caused people to despise those who looked different from them, based on skin color. Slavery has caused numerous gaps among theRead MoreSex, Gender, Racial Identity, And Stereotyping And Labeling Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesan interesting way of reinforcing itself through popular culture in western society. A culture that has a population mixed with many different racial identities, yet cultivates its pop culture through a ‘black and ‘white’ preface. The U.S is known to categorize diverse races into one; highlighting the inferiority other races face while living within our culture. Women have been idealized and compounded into western society as sex symbols and housewives. Women from other races non-white or BlackRead MoreEthics, Equity, And Social Justice1586 Words   |  7 Pagesonly in organizations, but our lives. These three complex social ideals are necessary to ensure fairness, respect, and equal treatment among leaders and their followers. Though most people would agree that everyone deserves the right to these three attributes, they often are not aware that even with their efforts to eliminate white privilege and racism, they actually promote it because they do not clearly understand white privilege. Unfortunately, white privilege and racial discrimination continue toRead Moreâ€Å"Society Is an Arena for Inequality That Generates Conflict and Change.† Discuss This Statement Using Four Well Developed Examples from Within Your Own Society.2161 Words   |  9 PagesMore than thirty years since that song was written, the people in the Jamaican society are still crying out for justice. One might be led to believe that as the general standard of living improves with time, inequality would slowly become less evident. However, although things are improving, evidence of inequality is still prominent in our Jamaican society. The people that are failing to realize that there is still inequality are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usuallyRead MoreMark Twain s A True Story Essay1755 Words   |  8 Pagescontributions as a writer, one of them being his involvements in the racial debates during the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of his works such as an excerpt from his Autobiography, sto ries from â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog from Calavaras County†, â€Å"Buck Fanshawe’s funeral† and â€Å"A True Story† have been particularly included in the selections of â€Å"The Heath Anthology of American Literature† to illustrate the nature of The American Society and its issue with race during the 19th and 20th centuries (LauterRead MoreClass Vs Race Essay3137 Words   |  13 Pagesare evaluating and comparing and at the same time attempt to identify which really matters and in what context. What is social class? Generally, social class is the status group by which we are identified within our society. Dictionary.com defines social class as â€Å"a broad group in society having common economic, cultural, or political status.† As this definition illustrates, social class is tied to status and status is typically associated with lifestyle, prestige and achievement. While a primaryRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s Dream1826 Words   |  8 Pagesto think that his election was the ultimate moment for achieving racial equality. President Barack Obama’s election was not the realization of Dr. Martin Luther King’s dream. In order for me to explain why President Obama’s election isn’t the realization of King’s dream, I must first elucidate exactly what his dream was. Martin Luther King Jr was a leader in the Civil Rights movement, a social movement whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans. â€Å"The MarchRead MoreThe Film Glory By Edward Zwick1200 Words   |  5 Pagesknown for their courageous attempts to and actions at Fort Wagner in 1863. The film is set in many different locations such as New York, Maryland, South Carolina and Massachusetts. In each of these different locations events took place that shaped our history. For example on November twenty seventh of 1862 Robert Shaw started to train soldiers. July eighteenth 1863 the Colonel Shaw and his troops attempted to take Fort Wagner, which didn’t succeed. The film has many characters that actually madeRead MoreSocial Conflict Resolution : Theory, Research, Practice Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Social conflicts- conflicts in which the parties are individuals or an aggregate of individuals- are unavoidable instances of life. What causes social conflicts, however, remains a subject of contention. Scholars across various disciplines have come-up-with different theories to explain the causes of social conflicts. Generally, each theory attempts to look at the causes from a particular perspective or discipline such as economics, sociology, psychology, political science or socio-biology

Apple Inc free essay sample

The fact that consumers were willing to pay a high premium for the Mac experience suggests that the competition was lacking in qualities which mattered to people and those being the convenience of the Plug and Play feature. IBM being a threat was able to compete on a price basis and which resulted in creating complementers such as new applications to strengthen its position and recapture sales from Macintosh. We again see evidence of Mac’s lack of vision and leadership under Sculley by them deciding to follow the first movers and release a low cost Mac Classic. When Jobs came along in 1997 he realized that content, being software, is the main complementer to the PC industry. Microsoft office being a prominent technology has become a standard across enterprises. Jobs realized that the current switching costs for users would be very high when lacking access to office and moved to form a strategic alliance with Microsoft to extend support with Office for Mac. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His second move was to focus strictly on 4 main segments, desktops for consumers and for professionals, and portables for consumers and for professionals. Clearly the main weakness that Jobs had to worry about was the lack of innovation but before he could innovate the main concern is to survive in what was mostly a PC dominated industry. To do that, Jobs took what he knew and adjusted it to adapt to the current environment; the traditional Plug and Play was extended to accommodate windows based peripherals and emphasis was placed on design as differentiation.

Military Fascism in pre

Fascism represents a kind of a political system whereby the state possesses total power. As such, every citizen is required to work for the country as well as the government. The head of state for such a state is a dictator or some other powerful individual who uses police force and strong army to maintain law and order. Fascism was first seen in Japan during the period in which it used to export most of her goods, mostly silk and luxury items (Tsutsui, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Military Fascism in pre-WWII Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the beginning of the great depression, luxuries were foregone and this left Japan incapable of fueling her factories. In order to put a stop to the depression, Japan had two choices to make; invading China for some more resources or closing down their factories. During this time the Japanese government was being ruled by Emperor Hirohito and his army refer red to as ‘a diet’ that was slowly becoming fascists. This permitted the military together with the factory proprietors to have great influences over the decisions of the country; thereby opting to invade China and Manchuria. It was at a later time that the Japan’s government began to closely conform to the Army Nationalistic objectives. Thence, as time went by, military fascism developed in japan (Tsutsui, 2009). With control over the government and, essentially, the whole country, the army pushed Japan further and further into the pacific war and ultimately led to more war with the west. A number of other reasons contributed to this Japans military fascism and one such reason was thirst for power. The Meiji restoration unleashed massive changes in Japan. This was a period of revolutionary modernization and as a motivation from these, came forth the desire for prestige, power and wealth as a way to redress the enforcement of unequal treaties placed upon them by the western powers during the past (Tsutsui, 2009). Moreover, the Sino-Japanese War victory, gave Japan a first real bridgehead on the continent of Asia, forcing China to acknowledge the independence of Korea and giving up Taiwan and Liaotung peninsula (Tsutsui, 2009). However, Russia, Germany and France dissented that the intrusion of Japanese to Liaotung would stage a constant jeopardy to China thence, forced a deeply chagrined Japan to desolate the peninsula. Furthermore, the Japanese exertions to incorporate their economy into a liberal global order became futile earlier on in the 1930’s when the economies of the west that were depressed placed a hindrance upon the Japanese trade so that they could guard against the markets of their colonies. The structure of international peace that was substantiated in the League of Nations was thought of by the Japanese to have favored the nations of the west who were controlling the resources of the world.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the west had played in a hypocritical way when they barred Japanese out-migration via the anti-Asian in-migration laws of the 1920’s. These series of events caused the Japanese to deflect from democracy and indorse fascism and its extension to the japans empire (Tsutsui, 2009). In conclusion, the slowly burning aggression of Japan was steered with frustrations with a world whose governance appeared inclined in preference of the west. The military fascism was a way of expressing the Japanese economic, power and policy dissatisfaction by the west, and it hence contributed in some ways to the rise of World War II. They charged their hardship upon the western countries and the incompetent government. Most citizens of Japan likewise conceived that the government did almost nothing to help them, despite the fact that it stood for democracy. They therefore began to buy into what the Nationalistic patriotic societies were embracing- military strength, reconstruction and respect for autonomy. They started to join these patriotic societies and the army, consequently resulting to the rise of military fascism in pre-WWII Japan. This essay on Military Fascism in pre-WWII Japan was written and submitted by user Darth Maul to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Graduated Sanctions essayEssay Writing Service

Graduated Sanctions essayEssay Writing Service Graduated Sanctions essay Graduated Sanctions essayThe systems of up-bringing, motivation, control of young generations have always been important and developed, aiming at increase of young people’s self-consciousness and accountability. One of effective recently developed approaches is considered to be juvenile graduated sanctions. The programs of graduated sanctions, supported by the use of valid decision making instruments, help to ensure that intervention services for youth are appropriately identified (Matese, 1997, p.2). Graduated sanctions reveal the best perspectives for community based corrections, especially for young people, providing the appropriate correction, control and support methods and guaranteeing the reduction of recidivism cases.Further this paper will be concentrated upon definition of graduated sanctions, the key levels of interventions, discussion of possible helpful resources, related to graduated sanctions.First of all it is necessary to be clear about the notion of â€Å"gr aduated sanctions†, generally it is defined as â€Å"a set of integrated intervention strategies designed to operate in unison to enhance accountability, ensure public safety, and reduce recidivism by preventing future delinquent behavior† (Matese, 1997, p. 2). The major aim of using such system is concrete subdivision of crimes, committed by young people, when limited interventions are used in case of less serious offenses, whereas more restrictive ones follow some serious crimes. â€Å"Graduated sanctions systems make use of a â€Å"multi-tiered continuum† of intervention of services and programs that allows the juvenile justice system to match these to specific characteristic of the juvenile offender† (DeComo Wiebush, 2005, p. 5). Any system of graduated sanctions usually consists of three components: â€Å"the program component, the assessment and decision making component, and the management information component† (DeComo Wiebush, 2005, p 6). It is necessary to mention, that there is a long list of possible synonyms to the word â€Å"sanctions† in this case, like fore example graduated responses, graduated consequences and so on. According to certain number of specialists in the sphere of juvenile justice, the term â€Å"sanctions† is absolutely not an appropriate term for the system, the main aim of which is to support young people in making correct choices and avoid continued criminal activities and actions. On the other hand, there is a need to have constant and stable control over the situation with juvenile delinquency.The wide discussion of such sanction systems started around 1997, when the Congress of America provided 16.5 million for development and support of such programs for young people. â€Å"The funds were to specifically support Innovative Local Law Enforcement and Community Policing (ILLECP)) programs in states that provided assurance that they had in effect, or were working on these kinds of programs† (Wilson Howell, 1993, p. 13). One of the key tasks of these programs was to control the application of accountability based sanctions to all young offenders and criminals in correspondence to their actions.As soon as graded sanctions are discussed, it is necessary to comment in detail upon each of the levels, of which there are usually five pointed out: immediate sanctions, intermediate sanctions, community confinement, secure confinement, after care.Immediate sanctions are usually applied in case of non- chronic offenders for not serious crimes. They belong to the early intervention system of sanctions, aimed at correcting illegal behavior and provision of the necessary services. â€Å"Typical immediate sanctions include community service, restitution, curfew restrictions, informal supervisions, and mandated involvement in short-term programs (shoplifter program or substance abuse education)† (Matese, 1997, p. 8). The cases of diversion from formal court processing are the most frequent basis for application of immediate sanctions.The second level sanctions are called intermediate sanctions. Logically, they come after immediate sanctions, in case juveniles continue their type of crinimal behavior. Also sometimes intermediate sanctions are good for violent offenders, who are inclined to special forms of supervision, probation and corrections.Community confinement includes sanctions useful for well developed community – based settings. Special programs are worked out for the young individuals, who committed property crimes or crimes against other individuals. In such cases the risk of recidivism is minimal, if any, and there is no need to take the offender out of his home atmosphere for treatment.The next level of sanctions, secure confinement, is usually applied towards chronic law-breakers or juveniles, committing serious crimes with violent delinquency. Typically, these young people are inclined to recidivism, and this fact should be considered, when choosing the sanctions system. For such offenders there are special correctional facilities created, mostly, they are small institutions with concrete treatment organization and orientation, because they are proved to have much stronger impact than large institutions.The final level of sanctions received the name – after care, from this it is already clear, that we are talking about the system of sanctions, which should be applied to the offenders at the moment of their return to the usual life, to the community after going through secure care. This level is of the highest importance to all categories of offenders, integrating back into social life. â€Å"A model after care program referred to as intensive supervision program should consist of the following elements:1) short term transitional placement in secure confinement, 2) day treatment, 3) outreach and tracking, 4) intensive supervision, 5) routine supervision, and 6) case closure† (Wi lson Howell, 1993, p. 25).According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, a certain list of risk factors needs to be considered before working out the course of graduated sanctions to a concrete offender. The list of these individual factors includes: â€Å"drug dealing, antisocial behavior, gang involvement and physical aggression; family factors including sibling gang involvement and parental absenteeism; school factors like frequent absences and academic failure; poverty and violence in the neighborhood; and peer behavior like drug and alcohol use and gang activity† (Matese, 1997, p. 10). All these risk factors play vitally important role for the choice of the correction program, which in its turn is responsible for preventing recidivism. Usually young offenders are aware of the fact, that there is a possibility of application of tougher sanctions and graduated sanctions in this care play a perfect crime preventive role. This is one of the serious advantages of graduated sanctions systems, because it allows applying the treatment method which is neither too hard nor too mild and is the best to prevent recidivism in some concrete case. Enough attention, which is paid to the individuality of the offender, is one of the ways to reduce the repeated offenses.When working out the system of graduated sanctions it is necessary to consider the application of decision making instruments. On the one hand the system of graduated sanctions is responsible for making young people accountable for their behavior and for the choices young offenders make; on the other hand, there is a strong need in creation of concrete range of programs and services, which would support young people in their â€Å"decision-making processes†, i.e. providing treatment interventions and services, helping to create a structured decision making model, in accordance young people’s needs and supporting them.Graduated sanctions are in many ways connected to community corrections, the main target of which is to guarantee public safety and help to avoid future criminal behavior (Wilson Howell, 1993, p. 26). Most of the prisoners and criminal offenders would have to reenter the communities again, and unfortunately this process might be rather sophisticated especially for young people, who get quickly used to the schedule and rules of some controlled environment and might get lost, when they cross the borders of it. â€Å"Returning prisoners usually face five challenges: substance abuse, physical and mental health, negative peer pressure, employment and housing† (Matese, 1997, p. 12). In order not to make them cope with these challenges alone and to avoid the risk of recidivism, it is necessary to provide the community corrections services.Overall, this paper is devoted to the problem of graduated sanctions in relation to community-based corrections; for better understanding of the importance of the graduated sanctions and thei r potential for juvenile offenders it was necessary to study the notion of graduated sanctions, the five levels of their application and finally their relation to community based corrections. It is evident, that the system of graded sanction has sufficient advantages, especially for the juvenile offenders and for their further correction processes.

Jack Londons Biography Essays

Jack Londons Biography Essays Jack Londons Biography Paper Jack Londons Biography Paper John (Jack) Griffith London (1876-1916) was born in San Francisco, California. His mother, Flora Wellman, came from a wealthy family. As an infant, Virginia Prentiss, a major mother figure, raised Jack in Jack’s childhood, an ex-slave. She was obligated to care for Jack because Jack’s mother was ill. In his teenage years, Jack worked very hard jobs – he served on a fish patrol catching poachers; he pirated oysters on the San Francisco Bay; he sailed the Pacific Ocean on a sealing ship; and he joined Kelly’s Army of Unemployed Working Men. London also traveled around the country, not returning to high school until the age of 19. During these years Jack was often reading the different writings of various authors. He chose to be a writer to escape the life of a factory worker. He often submitted literary works like jokes, stories, and poems to publications, usually with little or no success. When Jack London turned 21 in 1897, he spent the winter in the Yukon. This provided material and motivation for many of his stories. He started publishing many of these in the â€Å"Overland Monthly† in 1899. Jack London thereafter became known as a highly disciplined writer who produced over fifty volumes of political essays, stories, and novels. The Call of the Wild brought Jack London lasting fame in 1903. Many of Jack’s short stories deserve to be called classics, even to this day. In 1907 Jack London began a voyage in a small boat across the Pacific Ocean that he would not end until 1909. This voyage was a key in breaking the taboo over leprosy. The journey also gave London material for books he would write on Melanesian and Polynesian cultures. Jack London’s best novel, The Sea Wolf, was based on experiences at sea. Jack London’s love life was a unique one. London’s first marriage, in 1900, was to Bess Madden. With Bess, Jack had two daughters, Joan, and Bess. Jack co-wrote a book titled â€Å"The Kempton-Wace Letters† with Anna Stronsky. This was based on the belief that mates should be selected for good breeding, not love. To this Bess agreed. After an affair with Charmain Kitteredge who was five years older, London divorced Bess. In 1905 Jack London married this â€Å"Mate Woman† who became a major character in many literary works, and who also joined Jack on many of his excursions. By 1914, Jack London’s health was failing. In his South Sea voyages it is said that he got malaria, dysentery, pleurisy, yaws, and other diseases. In the next couple of years his health only worsened. Matters were not helped by his refusal to slow down with his writings or his desire for the taste of raw meat. From this point many stories diverge. One story is that his pain worsened and was alleviated by drugs. One night he overdosed on morphine (accidental?) and was near death in the morning. He died that night. The other story says he got a kidney disease and died of renal failure. Either way, Jack London died on November 22, 1916 at the age of forty. His writings have been translated into several dozens of languages and are more often read in some countries outside of the United States today than in his home country. Jack London will be missed.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 11

Marketing - Essay Example Most importantly, it is important to understand that these 7P’s also reflect upon the overall performance of the firm and must be aligned with the overall strategy of the firm. As such it is important that different aspects of marketing shall be designed in such a manner that they allow firms to develop their strengths in the market. Uniqlo is one of retail stores in UK offering women’s and Men’s clothing over internet as well as through its stores. It is important to note that Uniqlo is a Japan based firm offering the products to many countries of the world including UK. The unique business model of the firm allows it to involve itself in every process of manufacturing and marketing of the product and its subsequent sales. This report will therefore attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the 7P’s of the marketing process undertaken at the firm besides comprehensively covering PESTLE analysis and assessing its impact on the firm. UNIQLO is an international brand offering men’s and women’s clothing since 1984. Traditionally, it is a Japanese casual wear store with international presence in many countries including UK, US, Korea, Japan etc. Uniqlo originally is a part of Fast Retailing Co, it is now a fully owned subsidiary of the firm with listings on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The early history of the company suggest that it focused on selling men’s wear only and it entered into the second segment of the market at later stage. Since late 1990’s firm has developed a unique business model based the model adapted by â€Å"The Gap†- an American casual wear giant.(Wilson & Barbaro, 2006). Accordingly, the firm was able to sell its own branded cloths outsourced through other manufacturers. This SPA or Specialty retailer of Private Label Apparel- provided UNIQLO a very different strategy to follow and it has implemented this strategy across the board in almost every country where it is

Case 5-3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case 5-3 - Assignment Example After inspecting the roof, Joel requested Don to seal a deal that would see Joel’s company replace Don’s roof. The author describes this technique in chapter 16 and its efficiency in promoting sales. Joel’s use of the foot-in-the-door technique may be considered as manipulative because he begins by proposing a small request to Don, which he is sure that Don cannot decline. Don is committed to maintaining his home and he would benefit immensely from the inspection of his roof by an expert. Therefore, he easily gives into Joel’s request. However, Joel utilizes Don’s compliance to manipulate him further so that they can discuss the roof’s condition and that he may introduce his company’s offer. Without a doubt, Joel calculates his moves effectively to ensure that Don easily closes the deal allowing the company to replace his roof (p. 342). Without a doubt, Joel uses the technique to evoke the emotions of Don a factor that may contribute to him accepting the offer blindly. As Chapter 16 highlights, manipulative sales representatives are more likely to use this technique. Chapter 16 gives attention to vulnerable consumers, but highlights that the vulnerability of consumers may be defined in various ways. The chapter reveals that elderly consumers are more likely to exhibit high levels of vulnerability, which is exploited by sales representatives. If a sales representatives recognizes that a consumer is vulnerable, he or she takes the advantage of such vulnerability and influences their purchasing decisions. From a superficial point of view Don seems to be a vulnerable consumer because of the value he attaches to his home and the commitment he has to maintain his home in perfect condition (p. 343). However, a deeper analysis of the situation reveals that he has little knowledge about roofing and that he is unable to inspect his roof regularly. His lack of sufficient knowledge about Roofing serves as a point of vulnerability. However,

Porters 5 Forces Essay Example for Free

Porters 5 Forces Essay 1) New Business / Threat of New Entrants Changing Conditions in PESTEL, Product, Service differences, brand identity, access to distribution, necessary resources, learning curve, inertia of existing markets. Expected retaliation, switching requirements, scale economics and experiences. Capital requirements. Example: Upcoming smartphone known as the OnePlus One from a completely new firm. Cheaper than other firms such as Samsung, Apple and HTC but the quality is just as good, if not better. http://www.cnet.com//oneplus-one-to-hit-general/ 2 + 3) Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Customers Concentration Number of Buyers, Switching costs esp Relationships, Control of information, Forward and backward integration, threat of Vertical integration, availability of substitutes. Importance to others performance. Brand identity, marketing and purchasing incentives. Alliances, relationships and expectations. The ability of suppliers to change the firms performance. Eg Samsung has increased costs now that their suppliers went on strike. http://www.clb.org.hk//workers-samsung-supplier-china Likewise the same thing refers to consumers, but I cant of an example off the top of my head. 4) Threat of Substitutes Sideways competition, Comparative price/performance, backing by rich competitor. Comparative technological life cycle. Benefits no product features. Theres tons of substitute products in the smartphone industry of all ranges in price and quality, so that one is self explanatory. 5) Rivalry amongst Competitors Aside from the other four forces, the nature of rivals also determine the intensity and degree of rivalry. Competitors with different values, vision,  mission, strategy and operational effectiveness, combined with different perceptions and abilities of their senior managers will influence not only the degree of competition but also its patterns. The intensity of competition is also elevated when; there are severally equally strong players such as Samsung vs Apple Few chances for differentiation They all know whats coming up and they all copy each other. Galaxy Gear, Moto 360, Apple iWatch (Rumored)

Searching For A Cure :: essays research papers

People say the only things that are inevitable in life are death and taxes. I beg to differ. I believe that another inevitability is soon coming – the cure for spinal cord injuries. Scientists have made many breakthroughs in the last 25 years in terms of spinal cord injuries. In past years when a person would get a spinal cord injury, there was pretty much no hope for them to regain any function or movement that was lost, unless some sort of miracle took place. Today, there is still no cure; however, experiments are being done that have shown promising results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stem cell research looks to be one of the most promising treatments for spinal cord injuries. Stem cells are special because they are the primitive cells that give rise to different kinds of tissues in the body, and because they are self renewing in the body and in the laboratory so that large quantities can be produced for medical purposes (The Promise of Stem Cells, 2002). Another great quality of stem cells is that they have the potential to develop into many different cells in the body. When a stem cell divides, it can either remain a stem cell or develop into another type of cell. Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, but the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply. Stem cells, directed to differentiate into specific cell types, offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat things such as spinal cord injuries (Stem Cell Basics). In a study conducted by the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, rats were induced with a spinal cord injury. Nine days after injury, the rats were treated with embryonic stem cells. Two to five weeks later, the rats showed improvement in weight bearing and coordination. Another study was conducted where fifteen mice with spinal cord injuries were studied. Eight of those mice were treated with transplants to their spinal cords of stem cells. The remaining seven mice were used as controls. Seven days later, the mice that had received stem cells showed greater functional recovery than the control mice (Stem Cells Information Center).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another possible cure for spinal cord injuries is functional electrical stimulation. Functional eletrical stimulation uses implanted electrodes to stimulate paralyzed nerves so that arms and legs can be used for improved function (Spinal Cord Injury Treatment and Cure Research).

Enrolment in Technological Institute of the Philippines Essay

Enrollment process is a must in every school. Through this, student will have a connection between them and the institution itself. In this process, students also part to wonder or to expect what if feels like to be in the institution they are going to enroll. This study discusses those expectations and perceptions of the students with regards in the enrollment process in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. The Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City students have always perceived the success of the enrollment based on the amount of time that they have spent on the enrollment process. But the students and parents already prepare for the worst every time and they already assume that the process will be slow. The complaints are always present and it makes the slowness of the process more gruesome. Through this study, the whole enrollment process should be made bearable. Every aspect and step of this will be analyzed in order to find the best solution that will lead to the improvement and betterment of the enrollment process. At Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City, there are thousand students taking several years level. The population of students in mentioned school are continued to grow which means also that an increase of records are handled by the Guidance Councilor. Clearly manual system of enrollment and student record keeping are too much time consuming task. Computer can be considered as another instrument for developing system like enrollment in every school. This can be a great help to those students, teachers and school who are handling many task from providing easier and faster access. The present system of Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is done manually such as enrollment system. Form the time it was started to operate, they use the manual system. Even nowadays, that they have computers, still there also a conflict using that during enrollment. Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is a private school which is located at Quezon City. And this school was started established in the year 1962. And it was found by Engineer Demetrio A. Quirino Jr., One of the famous people in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City at that time. Like some school Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is improving the enrollment system but still that is not convenient for others. Statement of the Problem The present enrollment system of Technological Institute of the Philippines is done manually. Manually system of enrollment caused a lot inaccuracy and efficiency in processing the record and data of the students. Too much time and effort are consumed and cannot give on time. The researcher sought to answer the following question: 1. What are the perceptions of students with regards school’s enrollment system? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the perceptions of ideas if the students that the school enrollment system affect them? 3. What are the factors that could be an advantage and/or disadvantage of the factors that are uses in the enrollment system? Significance of the Study The computers provide convenience to its user through the easier and faster way of transactions. Population of students in almost all-educational institution is rapidly increasing so great demand in teaching force is also becoming higher. Fortunately, today’s generation of high technology machine  and tools can substitute these workers. This propose â€Å"The Perception of Students in Enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City† will provide a high technology way of retrieving and managing student’s data so that the enrollment process become convenient especially to the students and parents. The study will be a great help to the following: Administrators. This study will help them to process records and keep the grades of students are a fastest and accurate way. It will help to keep and handle essential information of the student for the convenience of the students and the personnel assign to enrollment in the education institution. Students. The students can easily access and retrieval information regarding with the process of enrollment the effort, time, and help to minimize the effort and time they exert, Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. It provides easy and fast approach in registration and enrollment. Parents. They do not complain and they’re not wasted to accompany their children during enrollment. Future Researchers. The proposed study will benefits and help the future researchers as their guide. This study can also open in development of this study. Hypothesis There is no significance in the improvement of the online registration as related to the improvement of the enrollment system. Scope and Delimitations The study will be limited only to the boundaries of â€Å"The perception of the Students in Enrollment System in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City†. The researcher focused in getting relevant about the problems in enrollment system includes students and parents who complaining in the manual system that being used of the school. Searching about this has ability to be quickly processed and how it can be fixed in the next enrollment process. The study covers the problem of having a slow process that caused a dispute between students/parents and administrator, Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The chapter estates the different literature and studies that were conducted for the research to gain familiarity that are relevant and similar to the present study. Review of Related Literature (Foreign) According to Rowley (2005), an enrollment system is casically included in one of the classification of information system, thus it serves a tool to support information management with regards to the student data, enrollment fees information and other with a connection to the enrollment process. Every school gain competitive advantage of having this system for they will have capacity on handling important information at ease and with security. Adopting this theory of Mchenry (2010), WAMP5 (WAMP Means Windows Apache Mysql PHP) is a platform of Web development under windows. It allows you to develop dynamic websites with Apache server, PHP5 script language, and the database of MySQL released 5. It also possesses PHPMyAdmin and SQLite manager to manage more easily your databases. Window 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Window 7 succeeded by Windows 8. This is known as iterative implementations covers the breakdown of overall functionality of the system to a what he called feature set and those feature sets represents different process involve in enrollment system. It helps locate feature an enrollment system will have since that this kind of systems does many activities and processes. According to Dunn and Scott (2005), enrollment system has made huge impact into the school arena. It is a system that is built on innovative program strategies. It is a system that will help both the enrollment personnel-in-charge and the students to easily process the enrollment at a lesser time. Distinct from the traditional enrollment, LAN enrollment system process large assortment of the student records and provides efficient and consistent information services. As stated by Holmes (2006), nowadays, Web-based applications are widely used due to their ubiquity. Web-based enrollment system is currently emerging on markets for they are offering transaction convenience and service efficiency through the use of internet. This system becomes a powerful tool in dealing with information management regarding enrollment transactions. Stair (1999), emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial revolution and beyond, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of doing tasks. Lewis (2002), stated that the reason for using computers vary from person to person. Some of the computers in business are to perform accuracy, to be as productivity, to decrease bottle necks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Sybex Inc (1999), stated that visual basic provide a graphical environment in which the users usually designed the forms and control that become the building block of tour application . Visual Basic support many useful tools that will help the user more productivity. Gold Chager et al (2003), said that computer as a device for processing information knew computer plays a significant role in their lives, but few are aware of just how pervasive role is. Mane (2000), mentioned that the creation of the computer made the easier to accomplish that by doing it manually, to have the direct access on straightforward answer just monitoring record where in the needs of computer make possible for everyone to get data in a particular need. We can consider that the computer is necessary and its productive tool for individual. Gurewich (1999), stated that the database system makes the work faster for every institution. For the mere fact that instead of doing things manually, with the use of compute r technology everything is done fasters. Related Literature (Local) According to Aquino (2005), importance of computer application is increasing day by day. Schools use information system in the way of implementing an enrollment system. This results for them to attract enrollees and earn income. Enrollees are attracted because of the said system makes the transaction faster and easier. â€Å"Lack of enrollment system in schools can lead to chaos and troubles† as  stated by Ace Adrian (2011), students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll that is why such system is extremely useful in that it gives an ease on working on enrollment processes. Enrollment is very useful in retrieving vital information of the students. Without it will lead difficulty both for administration of the school and students in enrollment processes. The transformation of manual enrollment transaction to automated and now into a web based information is one example of what has driven partly by the rapid technological innovation. Any way just to make work easier and faster like enrollment transactions is possible with the emergence of computer technologies. A web-based enrollment system has featured that meet most of academic institutions system’s needs and requirements. This includes standardized modules for student registration, enrollment, grade management, and other modules that are deemed necessary to operate a school (Bacala&Reanno,2009). Fronda (2011), said that the enrollment system is useful especially when the school retrieves the important information from the student. The school can trace what is the standing of the students. Lack of Enrollment system in a school can lead to chaos and troubles. Students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll. It is extremely useful in the school in the way of working processes of enrolling become much easy. Tinn (2001), stated that the computerization responded to the call the office or any workplace to help their daily operation. Malolos et.al (2002), stated that the study of automation is important in the sense time that minimizes the time and effort normally exerted in manual process.  Janes (2001), stated that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical. Reyes (2005), task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet.   According to Flores (2002), the automation is described simply as the substitution of machine control of human.  Dioso (2001), stated that computer assist careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling .This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. Related Studies (Foreign) South California Community College Long Beach City College has gone live with a Cognos-based management system that was designed by Irvin, CA-based professional services firm e2e Analytics. Prior to installing the new system, LBCC, which has two main campuses and multiple satellites that support nine schools and 34 departments, handled its enrollment via manual spread sheets. With no reporting, continuity, or standard practices, and with lengthy error corrections, the school’s enrollment management budgeting and planning took up to three months to compile, consolidate and implement (Koft 2007). The study on problems regarding on school such as the Long Beach City College is an aid for the proponents to have the idea on formulating solutions on transferring manual enrollment transactions to an automated or computerized one. According to the coordinator of Admission support of Kerian Greenaway, the system known as the Edith Cowan University Web Enrollment System (ECUWES) had replaced the traditional hard copy system of enrollment. The system offers immediacy and convenience of course enrollment via the internet. The said university in Australia is currently enrolling more than 5,000 new students with easier transactions cause of their online enrollment system. In the local setting, academic institutions both the private and government schools are shifting from manual to computerized system including student registration. This is accomplished either on an intranet or internet-based environment. The desire to overcome these problems and difficulties has led the acceptance of advanced technology. It includes Local Area Network of computers, CD ROM and powerful processor. These technologies led to the development of information databases that provides simple and prompt retrieval of information through networking. In Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES), the problems on admission and evaluation of academic records, subject reservation, assessment and payment of fees and issuance of class cards are besieged. Likewise, searching of records is effective due to its major key that is being used in retrieval of records. A Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES) is a broad system. It is combination of different function areas such as databases, searching, retrieval, and update of student records, checking of student’s scheduled, computation of fees (Dzubeck 2003). Earlier, Encila (1999) Introduced the Enrollment System for the computer Science Department of LCBA and traders, designed of enrollment System is advantageous to the school because it speed up the process and with only a minimum amount of power and resources. Quiver (2001) developed a program using database III which capable of retrieving, access in manipulating of data in easy way. A computerized system to minimized the lost of record and burden of work was designed by Pajarillo in 2002. Aravia et.al. (2002) Show the growing importance of computers in the society. The significance of the study revolves the automation of student permanent record keeping.  Alcaira (1999) Stated that the using of computer are continue to grow, the need for a more timely information and data processing comes on demand keeping the record of any manual operations need the application, because handling it manually will only be conflicting. Related Studies (Local) Based on the researcher, a web-based enrolment system for Veritas Parochial School (VPS) in Manila was developed to help its students enroll in a more  efficient way without the hassles of waiting long hours in filling out forms, which sometimes become redundant, or to stand in line and pay at the cashier. It is with the Web-based enrollment system for VPS that this new style of enrolment may be achieved. This new type of system offers its students new options for enrolling at VPS. By logging on to the VPS website, one can register and enroll subjects for school year. With these, all the students are required to fill out certain forms that do not take more than a few minutes to accomplish. The system stores its records in the school database for future references. Confirmation of the transaction made by students need to be verified, the payment of the tuition fees must be made by the school’s register. The students may also browse the website of VPS and he can check his curr ent account. He can also refer to the list of the school current tuition fee rates (Pascual and Riceo,2008). According to the project study in 2005 by Mr.Lopez, an enrolment system help and provide efficient and reliable services to the students, enrolment personnel and administration. Moreover, this system improved the process of enrolment in terms of searching, retrieving and subject schedules. An online Enrolment System was proposed to replace the manual enrolment system of Cavite Maritime Institute in order to advance an organized flow of transaction and an ease of work concerned on how the manual enrolment performs throughout the institutions operations. The numerous transactions that the manual system covers, such as updating and adding students records, generating the advising and assessment slips, and the like considering the manual operating system to be inefficient for the need of the institution. Since the study involves proper record handling, tracing the constraints and evaluation of the manual system issential (Bacala and Reano,2009). The enrollment process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide and accurate student information neccesary to establish student permanent records. A registration and billing system is needed by the institution to address the stated situation. The study has been made to help gather fast and deliver accurate information (Calabozo&Fernandez,2006). In the study conducted by Cayabyab (2007), many problems and difficulties were identified in the wxiusting system in Dagupan City National High School (DCNHS). These major concerns are affecting the efficient enrolment system of students. Security of the students records were found to be at high risk. The current system may fail to protect some  important documents. It has also untimely and in efficient report generation. A computerized system for DCNHS shall result to a significant increase in the number of enrollees. Conde (2007) in his study entitled â€Å"Network-bases Enrollment System of Paete National High School cited that the manual process of enrollment and manual handling of information and reports of the students is very laborious one. The proponents developed a network based system enrollment system to the said school to solve the huge amount of task. Garcia (2002) created the â€Å"LSPC Enrollment System†, the study can be a great help to persons concerned during the enrollment period, the registrar, instructor of the students as they retrieval necessary information when needed and lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes Saayo et.al (2008) developed the system â€Å"Network based automated Enrollment and grading system for Morong National High School. Due to increasing population of the institution, and the school currently implementing the manual system, every student spends a lot of time during enrollment period, such as paying their tuition fees and processing the school requirements. Valina et.al (2009) entitled â€Å"Network-based student Permanent Record keeping and Enrollment System of Balian National High School†. This System was made to lessen the time and effort exerted by both student and school employees. It is also made to give accurate reports and keep records of every students every students and for easy and fast way of enrollment. Soria et.al. (2006) constructed a system entitled â€Å"Network-based Computerized inventory System for the supply office o the LSPC main campus. With the advancement of technology, devices and machines were improve , developed and inverted to cope up with the need of new world. There are different systems designed for reliable, efficient and very useful to the user. Conceptual Framework The study is all about the perception of students in the enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines, QC. It includes information can get when enrolled, different equipment that will make enrollment more efficient among students, the improvements, process and importance of  enrollment. The study also covers the different experience of student when enrolling in Technological Institute of the Philippines whether they lose their patience or get satisfied on the enrollment system. Research Paradigm Figure 1. The Conceptual paradigm of Perception of the Students in Enrollment System of Technological Institute of the Philippines. Definition of Terms These terminologies were gathered by the researcher for better and clearer understanding about the study. Client. Does not share any of its resources that request a server’s content or service function. Computer. Machine capable of the following the instruction to alter data, programmable electronic device that can perform calculations and processing information. Database. Is a container to store your tables in. Enrollment. It is a process in which a student is being admitted to the institution. This includes the listing of information or data about the student and subject he/she will be enrolled. Information. Knowledge given or received of some fact or circumstances. Program. An algorithm that a computer can both follow directly and follow the translated version. Server. A computer on a local area that is running software for controlling access to all or part of the network and its resources and shares its resources with client. System. It is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process. Software. It is a system utility or application program expressed in complete readable language. User. The person who uses a computer for word processing, communications, and other application. User–Friendly. A program easy to use even though an individual is not knowledgeable about the system. Chapter III METHODOLOGY This Chapter presents the research design, the respondents of the study, the research instruments, the data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design This study used the survey approach of research, specifically the descriptive method. Descriptive method is the assertion of attributes or conditions specific to the population. It utilized the said approach in as the main purpose of this research was to determine the perception of the student towards enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. Research Locale The Technological Institute of the Philippines (TIP) is a private, non-sectarian higher education institution. TIP Quezon City was awarded Autonomous Status, the highest possible award for a higher education institution, and TIP Manila was granted Deregulated Status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). In addition, TIP has also earned numerous national and international accreditations and quality certification. Figure 2. Location map of Technological Institute of the Philippines Sampling Technique The research study used the purposive sampling technique. There were 30 students in Technological Institute of the Philippines asked to rate the efficiency of the services rendered by the functions of the PTA office. Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques where the units that are investigated are based on the judgement of the researcher: Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling, and Sampling: The basics, for an introduction to terms such as units, cases and sampling]. There are a number of different types of purposive sampling, each with different goals. This article explains (a) what purposive sampling is, (b) the eight of the different types of purposive sampling, (c) how to create a purposive sample, and (d) the broad advantages and disadvantages of purposive sampling. Research Instruments The data gatherings used in this study were the following: 1. Questionnaires Checklist Form. This instrument was constructed by the researchers to  establish the socio-demographic profile of the student respondents. The instrument determined, among others, the gender, civil status and educational background of the respondents. The different factors affecting the efficiency of services rendered by the PTA are also being listed down to determine which function is more effective as perceived by the respondents especially the students. 2. Survey Questionnaires for Students. This instrument was used to determine the management style and how this affects to the people working in that school and a separate questionnaire of the students to determine the efficiency of the services rendered by Technological Institute of the Philippines. Data Gathering Procedures Survey questionnaires were prepared and forwarded to the student respondents. The respondents were asked to rate their perception about the enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon city (TIP QC) to determine how effective and if the respondents were satisfied by the services given by the TIP QC during the enrollment process

Geo 509 – Major Paper

Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze and illustrate the geographical origins of eragrostis tef along with details of its global dispersion. The common name of the crop in Ethiopia is tef. It was chosen for its cultural significance and it’s importance Background In Ethiopia, about 4. 9 million acres of land is devoted to its production every year. From 2003-2005 production statistics indicated that tef accounted for about 29% of the land and 20% of the gross grain production of all major cereal cultivation in the country (National Research Council).Eragrostis tef belongs to the grass family Poaceae, and is species of Eragrostis. It contains about 350 species and tef is the only cultivated cereal (Seyfu). Its name tef is originated from the Amharic word yate-tef-ah, which means, â€Å"lost†. Since the grains are so small they are easily misplaced (Kloman). It is the world’s smallest food grain and is as small as a grain of sand. It also has quite similar traits to other grains such as quinoa and millet. Tef grows anywhere from 30 to 120 cm in height, with slim stems and long, narrow, smooth leaves.It is a loose or compact panicle. The really small grains are 1. 5 mm long, and there are about 2,700 seeds in a gram (Seyfu). The plant uses a Carbon 4 photosynthesis, which uses light efficiently while having low moisture demands. This gives the plant the ability to stand high heat and bright lighting therefore able to harvest in any unpredictable or difficult climate. Also the plant's resistance to diseases, pests, and heavy soils and it’s inexpensive costs to raise and very quick to produce give it special appeal (Tadele).Tef tends to thrive under growing condition from elevations that range from sea-level to as high as 2800 meters, and in various temperatures, soil, terrains and rainfall conditions (not where there is too much rainfall though) (Seyfu). Varieties of Tef * Magna (white) tef – This type is grown in the cooler seasons and is slow maturing. It is superior for grain due to its higher demand in the market. But it is blander in taste compared to the darker types (Seyfu). * Sergegna (mix of white and brown), kay (red), and tiqur (black) tef – This type is superior for fodder and is faster maturing.The darker the color the richer in flavor and nutrients (Seyfu). * Abolse tef – An improved strain being tested and studied currently in Ethiopia. It has shown good results in early studies based upon its yield and baking quality. There is no record of this new strain being distributed as of yet (Kloman). Due to its properties to survive and grow through harsh climates, Ethiopian farmers grow tef for either two purposes as a staple or as a standby product. When planted as a staple, they grow it as their primary component in their trade or business.So it is normally planted late and harvested well into the dry season. But as a standby, the farmers wait till their main crop suc h as maize or wheat shows signs of failing. They then plant a faster maturing tef such as the red or brown tef as a backup source of food in case of disaster. What also makes tef very attractive is that it is a grain that contains no gluten, at least none of the type found in wheat (Ingram). For this reason people with severe allergies to wheat gluten or health enthusiasts are buying tef these days.Due to the seeds small size it makes it difficult to plant and prepare the fields. It is difficult to get an even distribution of seeds and also the wind or rain can bury the seeding before it has spouted. Then separating, inspecting and grinding such tiny seeds is very strenuous and time consuming. History Tef is common all over Ethiopia and its major varieties were found only in that part of the world. Among with numerous other crops, the precise date and location for the domestication of tef is unspecified.But, there is no uncertainty that it is actually an ageless crop, where domestic ation took place. It has been documented by some historians such as Ponti that tef has long been cultivated in Ethiopia for its grain from some time between 4000 BC and 1000 BC (Engels); Shaw disputed that tef must have been domesticated before the introduction of wheat and barley to Ethiopia or else the tef, would have never been cultivated. The use of tef was quite crucial for the Abyssinians, since the amount of tef seed required to plant were hundreds of times smaller than that of wheat (Ingram).This productive potential and minimal time and seed requirements have protected them from hunger when their food supply was under attack from numerous invaders in the past. It was reported by Unger in 1866 that tef seeds were also found in the Egyptian Pyramid of Dashur in 3359 BC (National Research Council). Dried tef straws were suggested to have been used in the making of mud bricks used in the Pyramid of Dashur as well (Seyfu). The closest wild relative to tef is generally considered to be eragrostis pilosa this species is recorded as an annual growing weed from Eritrea and Northern regions of Ethiopia (Ingram).Vavilov has recognized Ethiopia as the center of origin and variety of tef (National Research Council). Due to the fact that several widespread and non-widespread species of eragrostis, some of which are considered the wild relatives of tef, are found in Ethiopia. Since the genetic diversity for tef does not exist anywhere else in the world except in Ethiopia, confirms that tef originated and was domesticated in Ethiopia. Production Areas of Ethiopia The regions of Shewa, Gojam, Gonder, Wello and Welega are the major tef-production areas (Seyfu). As can be seen in fig. these regions are concentrated in the central highland areas of Ethiopia. These areas suffer from waterlogging and these other parts of the country suffer from low moisture stress (Seyfu). The water logged soils of these regions seem to be a unique environment for agriculture since there i sn’t any other grain that can be grown in this environment. Tef is grown in almost all regions of the country for home consumption since it is the preferred grain. Local markets are also able to charge the highest price compared with other cereals, which is why farmers use it as their cash crop. There is going to be a map here) Global Spread James Bruce (1730-1794) was a travel writer and a traveller of Scottish decent. He travelled through Abyssinia (present day Ethiopia) in search of the foundation of the Nile River; his discoveries were published in his 1768 book â€Å"Discover the Source of The Nile†. In his journeys he mentions of a grain called tef that was grounded and used in their diet as much, if not more than wheat. It is also said that Bruce had taken some grain back with him to a Botanic Garden in Florence, Italy.This led to the publication in 1775 of the first botanical description of the plant, which made tef known worldwide. But it would be The Royal Bo tanic Gardens, (Kew Gardens) located in the United Kingdom that would’ve been responsible for the distribution of tef seeds to various other botanic gardens in India and the colonies. In 1887, was the first issue of seeds and it was to India, Australia, and South Africa. The trials were set in the elevated portions of these countries and all places where maize and wheat cannot be cultivated. These trials were successful.Which led to the introduction of tef to other parts of the world such as: * Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania by Skyes in 1911 * USA, Malawi, Zaire, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, and Argentina by Burt Davy in 1916 The most effective trial was in the northern region of South Africa (National Research Council) . It was reported that the crop was very rapid in growth and was maturing in seven or eight weeks from the time of planting. When it normally matures between 80 – 160 days. Favorable Growing Conditions Sunlight – The length of sunlight should be between 11- 13 hours.Rainfall – The average annual rainfall in tef-growing areas is 1,000 mm, but the range is from  300 to 2,500 mm. Tef is able to resist moderate drought, but there should be three good rain days. Altitude – It can be grown from  near sea level to altitudes over 3,000 m. Most is cultivated between 1,100 and 2,950 m. Temperature – While tef has some frost tolerance, it will not survive a prolonged freeze. But it can tolerate temperatures as high as 50 °C (Ogadan regions of Ethiopia) Soil Type – Tefs' tolerance of soil types seems to be very wide. It performs well even on the black cotton soils that are notoriously hostile to crops and farmers.Patterns of Consumption Human Consumption Tef is a cereal grain that is usually grounded to flour that is mainly used for injera that is a popular fermented sour pancake, porridge and baked goods. Is often used in North America as a thickener for soups and stews. Alcoholic beverages are also made from tef such as tela and katikala. Due to its high mineral content, it has also been used in mixtures with chickpea soybeans and other grains for baby foods. Cattle Feed Tef straw is used as animal feed, especially during the dry season. Farmers feed tef straw preferentially to lactating cows and working oxen (Tadele).Farmers prefer tef straw to the straw of any other cereal because of its sweetness (which is appealing to the cattle), high nutritive value, high yield, rapid growth, drought resistance and ability to smother weeds. In South Africa various productive types have been selected for hay production. It has since been exploited in the USA. It has increasingly become abundant, and is growing in dozens of states. It is also predominately cultivated in Australia for these purposes as well. Ornamentals There has been a growing interest in Europe, the United States, and Japan to grow tef for its visually appealing features (Tadele).Since it stands straight, dense a nd has a orderly feature, often has multi-colored leaves and it’s open fluffy panicles, tef can be extremely eye-catching. Erosion Control The non-weedy features of tef give it the ability to serve as a good temporary ground cover. South Africans are now using tef as a â€Å"nurse crop† that quickly covers the ground and fosters the establishment of permanent grasses planted along with it (Seyfu). It is already being used in mixtures to protect opencast mine workings, stream banks, and other erodible sites in South Africa. ConstructionIn Ethiopia, tef straw  is the preferred binding material for walls, bricks, and household containers made of clay. Overall Impact Tef has increased in popularity in so many countries that the Ethiopian government has to instill routine bans of exporting this grain. During the lean season where the production of tef is minimal the exportation of the crop will increases prices for it inside the country. With this scarcity in effect tef g rowers outside of Ethiopia has increased tremendously. Currently there are many tef providers in the USA for human consumption and forge for livestock.Another influence in popularity is the shift in consumer’s nutritional habits. There has been an increase in vegetarians (tef is high in protein) and the increased awareness of gluten allergies (tef is a good alternative for wheat). Also the rise in Ethiopian immigrants and the related rise in the popularity of Ethiopian food have increased demand for this staple crop. Its not just Ethiopian migrates, it is everyone; Ethiopian food is becoming more mainstream. There are tef fields in the states of Oregon, Kansas, Idaho, Montana, Washington, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Virginia.The US Agriculture Department and other institutions are in support of the cultivation of tef. Currently there are government grants offered to farmers in Kansas to cultivate tef on their farms (Kloman). Also the Univers ity of South Dakota and Cornell University have pushed for farmers in their states to start the cultivation of crop as well, for scientific research (Kloman). Other US institutions have been quite successful in their trials: * University of Nevada – They leaped at opportunity to begin a project to grow tef in 2002. In 2008 they produced 800,000 pounds of tef and in 2009 produced a million pounds (Kloman).The production was so successful that the university was approached by retailers from Ethiopia with a deal to buy as much as four million pounds. * Idaho – The Teff Co. is America’s largest producer of tef; it has been in business for 25 years (Kloman). Wayne Carlson, who lived and worked in Ethiopia in the 70’s as biologist, started The Teff Co. When he returned to the US he found that the climate and geologic region of Idaho was similar to that of Ethiopia’s prosperous regions where tef is grown. As the East African population of the US started t o grow significantly Carlson realized an investment opportunity.The Boston Globe reported in 2004 that he grows about two million pounds of tef grain annually (Kloman). Dun & Bradstreet Inc. (business information company) estimated its annual sales to be $1. 2 million (Kloman). Carlson reports this is still not enough to meet the demand. * To express just how competitive the industry has become. Carlson has recently pleaded guilty in April of 2012 for harassing a rival tef grower, Tesfa Drar, of Teff Farms in Minnesota regarding the production and distribution of their grains (Wax). Carlson was sentenced to a year’s probation. Nutritional ValueTef grains are nutritionally similar to wheat; but are actually more nutritious. The reasons for this may be due to the fact that since the seeds are so small they have a greater proportion of fiber (the nutrients are concentrated on the outside of the seed) and are almost always produced as whole grain flour. Tef is rich in energy (353 -367 kcal per 100 g) and its fat content averages to about 2. 3 percent (Seyfu). The grain reportedly contains 11% protein, which higher than that in maize or oats. The tef cultivated in the US though have been showing an even higher protein level of 14% on a consistent basis (Seyfu).These specific proteins should be highly digestible because it is high in the main protein fractions that are most digestible. Overall, it has an excellent balance of amino acids. Teff is higher than wheat in a dozen amino acids, especially the essential lysine, and slightly higher in such nutrients as potassium, zinc and aluminum. The mineral content is also good, iron and calcium are especially notable. The absence of anemia (iron deficiency) in Ethiopia where tef consumption is present is presumably due to the grain’s good iron content.The amount of calcium is equivalent to that of half a cup of spinach (Seyfu). It’s also an excellent source of vitamin C, which is not commonly found in grains. Resistant starches are a newly revealed type of nutritional fiber that is either not digested or partially digested until it reaches the large intestine, where bacteria uses it for energy (Hopman). This is beneficial for blood-sugar management, which would be ideal for those suffering from diabetes. It is also beneficial for weight control and colon health. About 20-40% of the carbohydrates in tef are resistant starches (Hopman).Bibliography Seyfu, Ketema. Tef, Eragrostis Tef (Zucc. ) Trotter. Rome, Italy: IPGRI, 1997. Print. National Research Council. Lost Crops of Africa. Vol. 1. Washington: National Academy, 1996. Print. Grains. Kloman, Harry. Mesob across America: Ethiopian Food in the U. S. A. New York: IUniverse, 2010. Print. Bai, Guihua, Mulu Ayele, Hailu Tefera, and Henry T. Nguyen. â€Å"Genetic Diversity in Tef [Eragrostis Tef (Zucc) Trotter] and Its Relatives as Revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs. †Ã‚  Euphytica  112. 1 (2000): 15-22. Kluwer Ac ademic Publishers, 1 Mar. 2000. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. . Ingram, Amanda L. , and Jeff J. Doyle. â€Å"The Origin and Evolution of Eragrostis Tef (Poaceae) and Related Polyploids: Evidence from Nuclear Waxy and Plastid Rps16. †Ã‚  American Journal of Botany  90. 1 (2003): 116-22. Print. Assefa, Kebebew, Ju-Kyung Yu, Getachew Belay, Hailu Tefera, and Mark E. Sorrells. â€Å"Breeding Tef [Eragrostis Tef (Zucc. ) Trotter]: Conventional and Molecular Approaches. †Ã‚  Plant Breeding  130. 1 (2010): 1-9. Print. Tadele, Zerihun. New Approaches to Plant Breeding of Orphan Crops in Africa: Proceedings of an International Conference, 19-21 September, 2007, Bern, Switzerland.Berlin: Stampfli, 2009. Print. Alaunyte, Ieva, Valentina Stojceska, Andrew Plunkett, Paul Ainsworth, and Emma Derbyshire. â€Å"Improving the Quality of Nutrient-rich Teff (Eragrostis Tef) Breads by Combination of Enzymes in Straight Dough and Sourdough Breadmaking. â€Å"Journal of Cereal Science  55. 1 (2012): 22-30. Print. Engels, Jan, J. G. Hawkes, and Melaku Worede. Plant Genetic Resources of Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. Print. Wax, Emily. â€Å"As Americans Embrace Ethiopian Cuisine, Its Farmers Grow More Teff. â€Å"Washington Post. The Washington Post, 31 July 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. .

buy custom Innovative Strategies for Students with ADHD essay

buy custom Innovative Strategies for Students with ADHD essay Introduction to the Problem The perplexing question for educators and parents over the years has been to find suitable strategies that could help them in handling students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD involves the display of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity resulting in functional impairment across two or more settings (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). ADHD affects about 3 to 7 percent of the school-age population (APA, 1994). This number represents about two million students of the United States school systems (Snead, 2005). ADHD occurs much more often in boys than in girls. Traditionally, females tend to be at lower risk of ADHD than males; however, studies have indicated that young females also may be at increased risk of remaining undetected and untreated (Bussing, Gary, 2001).One commonly offered explanation for lower rates of detection and treatment females is that ADHDmay be less obvious to parents and is therefore, less likely to prompt help-seeking behavior (Lahey et al., 1988). Students with ADHD are at a higher than average risk for academic underachievement, conduct problems, and social relationship difficulties, as a function of the core symptoms of ADHD (Barkley, DuPaul, McMurray, 1990). The disorder is chronic for most individuals and requires long-term treatment (Weiss Hechtman,1993). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 2000) explained that in ADHD, the essential feature is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivityimpulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development (p. 78). Background of the Study ADHD affects about 3 to 7 percent of the school-age population (APA, 2000). Small strategies and simple interventions do not meet the needs of students challenged by ADHD. A deeper understanding of the symptoms posed by a students ADHD must be understood in order to better treat and thus help the student to overcome the effects of ADHD. Various approaches are available for meeting the educational needs of ADHD students who exhibit a wide spectrum of behaviors. Understanding best practices is imperative for educators in order to better addresseach students needs. The role of the public school system in the process of recognition and treatment of ADHD merits special reflection. Schools operate under several legal mandates potentially applicable to students with ADHD. Educators in public schools are required under Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act to detect and provide appropriate accommodation services to students with functional impairments in major life activities such as learning (Reid Katsiyannis, 1995). Although the interpretation of Section 504 is left to the discretion of individual states, this law has been applied increasinglyto students with ADHD (Reid Katsiyannis, 1995). Furthermore, students with ADHD may qualify for special education services if they have learning disabilities (Office of Special Education, 1992). The No Child Left BehindAct provides the conceptual framework for identifying intervention strategies for students with ADHD. One factor thatcontributes to the urgency of understanding successful intervention strategies for students with ADHD is within the laws of NCLB. Snead (2005) citedfour basic principles of concentration of NCLB: (a) stronger accountability for results; (b) increased flexibility and local control; (c) expanded options for parents; and (d) an emphasis on teaching methods that have been proven to work. Snead concentrated on the fourth principle as it relates directly to teaching methods that are potentially helpful for students with ADHD. In this study best practices and strategies that are effective for the students with ADHD without losing their interest were examined. ADHD is not a new phenomenon. The ADHD acronym has been the common label used to describe students with a specified symptom cluster (Anastopoulous Shelton, 2001). Anastopoulos and Shelton stated that the first published cases of students with symptom clusters similar to those used in the ADHD diagnostic categories appeared in the middle 1800s. Still (1902) reported that students whose behaviors included overactivity and inattention in childhood and persisted over time were significantly developmentally different from their age-appropriate peers. ADHD students have volitional inhibitions that result in behavioral deficits as well as defects in moral control, which likely result from neurological difficulties (Anastopoulos Shelton, 2001, p. 341). The DSM-I did not list any developmentally significant guidelines to distinguish ADHD or its symptoms, whereas the DSM-II did include a section titled Behavior Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, which listed the criteria for Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood (Anastopoulos Shelton, 2001, 341). The DSM-III labeled a cluster of symptoms as Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, thus inserting the change in focus to inattention as the hallmark feature of this newly emerging disorder at the time. Another profound change in the DSM-III was that it identified impulsivity as a major component in the disorder as it is noted alongside inattention and hyperactivity for the first time (Anastopoulos Shelton, 2001). The DSM-IV has many new features in the identification of ADHD sym ptoms, including 18 symptom descriptors, with nine inattention symptoms and nine in the hyperactivity-impulsivity component (Anastopoulos Shelton, 2001). The literature suggestedthat middle childhood is a period when students have the most difficulty managing ADHD (Carroll et al., 2006). For instance, students with ADHD hav symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Sutcliffe, Bishop, Houghton, 2006). Moreover, if ADHD goes untreated between the ages of 6 and 12, more serious problems such as low-self-esteem, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorder, and conduct disorder may develop (Parker, 2005, p. 25). Teachers should knowthe signs and symptoms of ADHD so they can make appropriate referrals. Early interventions may save the student and family from much hardship and frustration in the future. About80%of students with ADHD continue symptoms of over activity, inattention, and impulsivity, into their teenage years (Parker, 2005, p. 26). Alexander-Roberts (2006) added that some adolescents who were hyperactive as students became hypoactive (spacey or lethargic) as teenagers. Some of them also developed a need for immediate gratification, were easily distracted, had poor peer relationships, and had low self-esteem (Alexander-Roberts, 2006). Furthermore, adolescents with ADHD showed higher rates of substance abuse issues compared to their non-ADHD peers (Parker, 2005). Again, if elementary school teachers would refer students appropriately for ADHD screening in the early years, then students might receive services during childhood to help manage ADHD throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. ADHD affects students in myriad ways. Not only is it troublesome for the individual student diagnosed with the disorder, but it may also cause a disruption for other students in the classroom as well. Students with ADHD often have low self-esteem, are labileemotionally and prone to temper outbursts, and have low frustration tolerance (Alexander-Roberts, 2006, p. 12). ADHD affects a childs behavioral, emotional, academic, and social skills (DuPaul Weyandt, 2006). Furthermore, students with ADHD often display elevated rates of gross motor activity and fidgeting, negative verbalizations, and various other off-task behaviors different from students without ADHD (DuPaul Weyandt, 2006, p. 293), which can be disruptive to classmates. ADHD affects the student at home, in school, in peer relationships, and in virtually all aspects of life. Students diagnosed with ADHD not only lack in social skills, but also suffer academic performance as well. They have higher dropout rates, increased frequency of failing grades, and poor academic outcomes compared to youth without ADHD (Barron, Evans, Baranik, Serpell, Buvinger, 2006, p. 137). According to Parker (2005), students with some type of mental health disorder, such as ADHD, have difficulty making and keeping friends, withdrawal from social activities, and are often late to or absent from school (p. 189). Furthermore, youth with ADHD often exhibit co-morbid behaviors such as depression, anxiety, oppositional defiant disorders, and compulsive behaviors (Reid, Trout, Schartz, 2005, p. 361). In fact, more than half of all students with ADHD display significant symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (DuPaul Weyandt, 2006). Conduct disorders might make it difficult for teachers to recognize the signs and symptoms of ADHD, but ODD and conduct disorders also make it more important to be able to distinguish between ADHD and other childhood disorders. It is a challenge for some students with ADHD to pay attention in class, follow rules, exert self-control, think about consequences before acting, interact appropriately in games and sports, and develop meaningful relationships with others (Parker, 2005). ADHD affects each individual differently (Alexander-Roberts, 2006) and interventions should apply according to each childs specific needs. Teachers play a pivotal role in the lives of many students. They teach and manage them every day, often identify them as in need of further assistance, and become involved in monitoring and treatment plans (Lauth, Heubeck, Mackowiak, 2006, p. 386). Teachers may also be the first to recognize students with ADHD because of the increased demand of concentration in the classroom as well as being able to compare students with each other (Lauth et al., 2006). It may be likely that a teacher is the first person to recognize symptoms of ADHD and thus need to discuss the symptoms with the family. A student diagnosed with ADHD may not only have difficulties in the classroom with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but these symptoms are often associated with troublesome interpersonal relationships with family members as well (Holmberg Hjern, 2006, p. 664). The behavioral outcomes from these symptoms cause marital disturbances, conflict between siblings, and parents to feel depressed , blame themselves, and feel socially isolated (Alexander-Roberts, 2006). An estimated 4.4 million students in the United States have ADHD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2005). Of those, 2.5 million take stimulant medication in order to help manage the disorder (CDC. 2005). Each year, health insurance providers in the United States spend about $3.3 billion dollars on health-care costs associated with ADHD (Parker, 2005). Furthermore, Doherty, Frankenberger, Fuhrer, and Snider(2000) found, There had been a nearly 700% increase in the methylphenidate (Ritalin) production over the time period from 1990 to 1997 (p. 39). Moreover, 90% of the Ritalin was being consumed in the United States for the treatment of ADHD (Doherty et al., 2000, p. 39). Overall, ADHD either directly or indirectly affects individuals, families, and communities. Not only do students with ADHD lag behind their peers in a variety of ways, but it also puts an emotional and financial burden on families as well as impacting our society. The literature revealed a variety of interventions thatmight help students with ADHD, their families, teachers, and their classmates. The literature suggested assorted types of interventionsmight be effective when professionals work with individuals with ADHD. The most well known approach in helping students manage ADHD is the use of stimulant medication (Reid et al., 2005). According to Parker (2005), there have been more than 200 controlled double-blind studies of stimulant use in students with ADHD, [and] the findings are well documented that these medicines improve attention span, self-control, behavior, fine motor control, and social functioning (p. 59). On the other hand, researchers documentedthat medication alone is not the most effective intervention in treating ADHD, but when combined with behavior management and educational accommodations medication can be effective (Reid et al., 2005). Doherty et al. (2000) conducted a survey of middle/junior high and high school students who took stimulant medication in order to manage ADHD. Of the 925 students questioned, all reported themedication helped them with social and behavioral aspects, but were less sure if it helped them academically (p. 51). Another study found that pharmacological interventions produced beneficial effects for some individuals with ADHD; however, psycho-stimulant medications, the class of drugs most frequently used, have not been demonstrated to enhance the academic productivity for many students with ADHD (Gureasko-Moore, DuPaul, White, 2006, p. 160). Moreover, students reported that they took their medication because they felt that their parents and peers liked them better when they were on medication, even though they experienced some side effects such as appetite reduction and insomnia (Doherty et al., 2000; Gureasko-Moore et al., 2006).Other side effects students reported included headaches, fatigue, and developing some type of tic (Doherty et al., 2000). Much controversy surrounds using stimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD, especially on youth. In fewer than two decades, there has been a nearly 700% increase in methylphenidate (Ritalin) production, the psychostimulant most often prescribed for treatment of ADHD in the U.S. (Doherty et al., 2000; Rafalovich, 2005). One aspect of this problem that needs further study is to explore attitudes and beliefs among elementary school teachers regarding the use of stimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD. Self-Monitoring and Recording Students who are diagnosed with ADHD may find it beneficial to use self-monitoring and recording in order to help manage symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Self-monitoring can be used alone or in addition to stimulant medication. According to Reid et al. (2005), self-regulation is defined as a number of methods used by students to manage, monitor, record, and/or assess their behavior or academic achievement (p. 362). Such interventions can create meaningful advancements in student-on-task behavior, academic productivity and accuracy, and reduction of inappropriate or disruptive behaviors, Reid et al. explained (p. 373). According to Reid et al. (2005), ADHD is not a disorder of knowing what to do, but of doing what one knows (p. 362); therefore, a combination of medication, behavior modification, school accommodations, and ancillary services (p. 362) can be effective in the treatment of ADHD. Another purpose of this research is to explore what accommodations school teachers have used and will continue to use in the treatment of ADHD. Teachers can play a vital role as resource persons for students with ADHD and their families (Parker, 2005). For instance, they can refer families to therapists and doctors who may be able to diagnose and/or treat their child for ADHD, as well as give families information about ADHD. In addition, teachers can educate themselves on how to include a student with ADHD in the classroom and intervene not only on the microlevel (individual), but on the mezzolevel (classroom) as well. Contingency management is one of the most common behavioral interventions for students with ADHD (Harlacher, Roberts, Merrell, 2006). Contingency management is a reward system that clearly states expectations and identifies reinforces for not only the student with ADHD, but also every student in the class (Harlacher et al., 2006). Therapy balls are also becoming popular in elementary schools. They give students opportunities to move around as well as strengthen their back and abdominal muscles (Harlacher et al., 2006). Lastly, it is extremely important for teachers to choose interesting and engaging lesson plans so that students who have difficulty paying attention can benefit from the instruction (Harlacher et al., 2006). It is also helpful if teachers make contracts for students to sign so that students might aim to complete their homework on time. Along with choosing interesting and engaging lesson plans, teachers can implement a peer-tutoring program (Harlacher et al., 2006). Students who teach often learn and retain information better compared to students who do not teach or tutor. Additionally, students who are on the receiving end of the teaching have a chance to give feedback to their peers. This intervention is especially beneficial for students with ADHD, not only for academic purposes but for developing appropriate social skills as well (Harlacher et al., 2006). Teachers can set up a peer-mentoring program in their school. The teacher should ask for volunteers from a variety of classrooms and match them with students who have ADHD. The teacher should clarify the expectations and guidelines of the program and continually check in with all students to make sure each pair is benefiting from the program. A peer-mentoring program may raise childrens self-esteem and self-confidence and improve their social skills (Harlacher et al., 2006). Buy custom Innovative Strategies for Students with ADHD essay